What medication should be administered to a pregnant woman diagnosed with hypertension and at risk of preterm labor?

Magnesium sulfate is the correct medication for a pregnant woman diagnosed with hypertension and at risk of preterm labor because it serves multiple purposes in this context. It is primarily used as a neuroprotective agent for the fetus, especially for preventing or minimizing the risk of cerebral palsy in preterm infants. Additionally, magnesium sulfate is effective in managing preeclampsia and eclampsia by stabilizing blood pressure and providing a calming effect on the central nervous system, thus reducing the risk of complications for both the mother and the fetus.

The administration of magnesium sulfate can also help to relax the uterus, which can be beneficial in the context of preterm labor since it may delay contractions. By managing hypertension effectively, magnesium sulfate contributes to better outcomes for both the mother and her developing baby in a high-risk pregnancy.

Other medications listed, such as calcium gluconate, are typically used as an antidote for magnesium toxicity rather than a treatment for hypertension or preterm labor. Aspirin can be used for other conditions such as prevention of preeclampsia but does not directly manage the acute hypertension or risk of preterm labor. Ferrous sulfate, primarily an iron supplement, addresses anemia but does not have a role in managing hypertension or preterm