What adverse reaction should a nurse monitor for in a client receiving prolonged oxytocin infusion?

Water intoxication is a significant concern when a client is receiving a prolonged oxytocin infusion, primarily because oxytocin can promote water retention by its effects on the renal system. Oxytocin causes an increase in the permeability of the renal collecting ducts, leading to greater water retention. When infused over an extended period, especially in conjunction with IV fluids, this can result in dilutional hyponatremia, where the sodium levels in the blood become dangerously low due to excess water. Symptoms of water intoxication may include headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and seizures, which can be serious for the patient.

In the context of obstetric care, close monitoring for signs of water intoxication is essential, as it can complicate both maternal and fetal health. Although other adverse reactions associated with oxytocin exist, such as uterine hyperstimulation—which is a critical concern—water intoxication specifically highlights the risks associated with fluid imbalance and renal function during prolonged therapy. Therefore, vigilance for signs of this condition is crucial in managing patients receiving extended oxytocin treatment.